YOU WERE LOOKING FOR: Chapter 7 Psychology Test Answers
Forgetting an important fact reflects a breakdown in one of these stages of memory. If any problem in encoding we forget things. Description Forgetting is defined as the loss of information over time and its good for the memory to update the...
If you park your car everyday on a large lot, you need to remember where you parked it today and not yesterday or the day before. Thus, forgetting can have an adaptive function. German Philosopher -Hermann Ebbinghaus initiated the scientific study...
Although decay theory was accepted as a general explanation of forgetting for many years, most psychologists do not lend it credence today for several reasons. First decay theory does not really provide an explanation of forgetting, but merely a description. Interference Theory of Forgetting According to many psychologists, forgetting occurs because of interference from other information or activities over time. Page 2 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory Theory of Forgetting: Encoding Failure Sensory Memory The definition of sensory memory is the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased.
It refers to items detected by the sensory receptors which are retained temporarily in the sensory registers and which have a large capacity for unprocessed information but are only able to hold accurate images of sensory information momentarily. Page 3 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory Short-Term Memory The definition of short term memory is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. Short-term memory acts as a scratch-pad for temporary recall of the information under process.
For instance, in order to understand this sentence you need to hold in your mind the beginning of the sentence you read the rest. Long-Term Memory The definition of long term memory is memory that can last as little as a few days or as long as decades. It differs structurally and functionally from working memory or shortterm memory, which ostensibly stores items for only around 18 seconds. There are three main activities related to long term memory: storage, deletion and retrieval.
Information from short-term memory is stored in long-term memory by rehearsal. The repeated exposure to a stimulus or the rehearsal of a piece of information transfers it into long-term memory. Experiments also suggest that learning time is most effective if it is distributed over time. Deletion is mainly caused by decay. Emotional factors also affect longterm memory. However, it is debatable whether we actually ever forget anything or whether it becomes increasingly difficult to access certain items from memory. Having forgotten something may just be caused by not being able to retrieve it. Page 4 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory Information may not be recalled sometimes but may be recognized, or may be recalled only with prompting. This leads us to the third proves of memory: information retrieval. There are two types of information retrieval: recall and recognition. In recall, the information is reproduced from memory. In recognition the presentation of the information provides the knowledge that the information has been seen before.
Recognition is of lesser complexity, as the information is provided as a cue. However, the recall can be assisted by the provision of retrieval cues which enable the subject to quickly access the information in memory. Flashbulb Memory Flashbulb memories are distinctly vivid, precise, concrete, long-lasting memories of a personal circumstance surrounding a persons discovery of shocking events. People remember with almost perceptual clarity details of the context in which they first heard about the news, such as what they were doing, with whom they were with and where they were. These flashbulb memories are not as accurate or permanent as photographic memories but the flashbulb memories forgetting curve is far less affected by time than is the case for other types of memories studied in basic memory research.
Why we forget? Page 5 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory Forgetting curve is where forgetting occurs most rapidly immediately after learning. It is relearning takes less time than initial learning. Ineffective Encoding Decay theory is where the information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed applies better to short-term than to long-term memory. Interference theory includes proactive and retroactive. Retroactive interference: when recently learned material interferes with ability to remember similar material stored previously. Proactive interference is when previously stored material interferes with ability to remember similar, more recently learned material Retrieval Failure is where memories stored in LTM are shortly inaccessible tip-ofthe-tongue phenomenon. Motivated Forgetting is when motivation to forget unpleasant, Page 6 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory painful, threatening, or embarrassing memories.
The recovered memories controversies include recovered memories: support and recovered memories: skepticism. Types of Memory Exist Declarative Memory factual information consists of Semantic memory general knowledge and Episodic memory personal knowledge. Non-declarative memory aka procedural memory actions, motor skills, emotional memories Declarative Memory This system deals with factual information based on conscious and effortful processes. This type of memory appears to be more susceptible to forgetting. Declarative memory can be split into two parts Semantic and Episodic which will be summarized later on. Riding a bicycle, typing, and tying of shoes are all examples of procedural memory. The difference between the above two types of memory stems from evidence that they operate differently. For example, Declarative memory requires more effort than Procedural memory. Semantic Memory This is a division of Declarative memory.
This type contains general and impersonal facts e. Abu Dhabi is the capital of the UAE. Semantic memory contains general facts that are not tied to the time when the information was learned, rather like an encyclopedia. Episodic Memory This is also a division of Declarative memory. Like Semantic memory, this is also contains facts. The difference is that the facts are personal facts arranged somewhat chronologically, rather like an autobiography. An example would be memories of a school play or visiting the Grand Canyon. Page 7 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory Further research shows that "memory tasks" can be classified as either: Prospective memory actions for the future, e. This topic seems to interest researchers since it plays a strong role in everyday life, and yet it contains actions which we might tend to forget. People who suffer from weak Prospective memories are sometimes called "absent minded". Research is ongoing on this type of memory, especially on the effect of cues.
Retrospective memory remembering past events, e. This type of memory has been "forgotten" because it has suffered some neglect by researchers, if you will excuse the pun. Additionally, Prospective memory can be split into Event-based tasks and Time-based tasks. Very simply-speaking, age seems to play a role on the strength of these "memory tasks" reflecting on the chapters themes. One of the main reason that two people can be exposed to the same events and walkway with entirely different perceptions is that what you see in the world around you depends on where you focus your attention.
And the second, is that the reconstructive nature of memory should further explain peoples tendency to view the world with a subjective slant for example, dont store exact copy of event, you have to memories something near or rough to it. And the main reason for forgetting is that existence of multiple memory systems. Finally, the multifaceted nature of memory demonstrated once again that behavior is governed by multiple cause. Improving Everyday Memory Mnemonic devices are strategies for enhancing memory which is the key to improving ones everyday memory.
Practice usually improved retention and retention improves with increased rehearsal because rehearsal helps to transfer information into long term memory. Studies have shown that taking a test on material increase performance on as sequence test even more than studying for equal amount of time. Another possible remedy for overconfidence is trying to over learn material which means that refers to continued rehearsal of material after you first appear to have mastered it.
One other point related to rehearsal is also worth mentioning. If you are memorizing some type of list, be aware of the serial- Page 8 of 12 Psychology Chapter 7: Human Memory position effect, which is often observed when subject are tested on their memory of list serial position effect occurs when subjects shown better recall for items at the being and end of a list than for items in middle.
Deep processing and organize information it is useful when you real your textbooks, try to relate information to your own life and experience. For example, when you read about classical condition my try to think of your own responses that are attributable to classical conditioning it is important to understand that retention tends to be greater when information is well organized, believes that visual images create a second memory code and that codes are better than one.
Acrostics and Acronyms which is like poems that is helping yourself by remembering the first litter of each word and connected to one word it is useful to memories. Narrative methods which are list the words is to create a story that includes the words in the appropriate order. Rhymes repeating the information many times. Link methods involves forming a mental image of items to be remembered in way that links them together like you need to remember some items to pick up at the drugstore; news magazine, shaving cream, film, and pens. To remember these items, you might visualize a public figure on the magazine cover shaving with a pen while being photographed.
Lifestyle Do you pride yourself on your ability to remember names and faces? Semantic networks and spreading activation. Find the answers to these questions and more with Psychology Today. Find Test Answers Search for test and quiz questions and answers. Decay and interference. They are general enough to be useful for students using other textbooks as well. Chapter These practice questions focus on the psychological and physiological systems of memory as well as the principles of memory construction, encoding, and storage. Get started now with our AP Psychology memory quiz to help you prepare and review for these types of exam questions. It was introduced by B. My strategy to get Make up a "story" involving each group of 2 to 3 words. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Finish Editing. AP Psychology- Unit 7 Memory. Chunking allows people to combine many small pieces of information into fewer, bigger pieces of information. Create Account Keep scrolling down for answers and more stats Retake Quiz. You can get more information about the philosophy behind these quiz items if you wish, or plunge right in. One of the variations was the naive participant giving written answers. Accuracy: A team of editors takes feedback from our visitors to keep trivia as up to date and as accurate as possible. Start typing your question Close. Perfect prep for Memory quizzes and tests you might have in school.
Top Quizzes with Similar Tags. Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome. Please note quiz will popup a new window. Thank you for becoming a member. Short and meaningful study periods are more efficient than study periods massed Usually don't remember where you obtained the info. The mental processing of retrieval of information from memory. This quiz is incomplete! Dewey, PhD. Get the best of Sporcle when you Go Orange. This ad-free experience offers more features, more stats, and more fun while also helping to support Sporcle. Also explore over 36 similar quizzes in this category. Do you have what it takes to be an entrepreneur? Start studying Psychology Memory Quiz Guide.
Test your knowledge on all of Memory. A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. The first stage of memory where an impression is made that lasts only a fraction of a second. Click on the chapter title for a multiple-choice self-quiz consisting of 10 questions. Self-Quiz on Memory. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Host a game. Share practice link. Welcome to the self-quiz on Memory. These MCQs are provided by Gkseries. A kind of memory that consists of skills that you have learned.
Covers all topics in the AQA Psychology textbook, including researchers, evaluations and theories. Short-term memory has a limited capacity of about seven plus or minus two pieces of information. General Psychology Academic year. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Rutgers University. Read each question carefully and answer as truthfully as possible. Preview this quiz on Quizizz. Can you memorize numbers with ease? Answer: Psychologist. Find out if you have the proverbial memory of an elephant by taking this test. Sign in Register; Hide. Next lesson. This is an important issue for psychology, as well as the legal system.
Start studying Psychology: Memory Chapter 7. Answer: It is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Access the answers to hundreds of psychology questions, explained in a way that's easy for you to understand. Get questions and answers for Psychology. Here at Practical Psychology, we have created the first and only 3-in-1 memory test that measures your short term, long term, and working memory using a quiz you can … World History Chapter 32 Terms. Recent Scores. How well is your image recall memory? How well you can spot details and remember them after they are gone is a special skill to have. Check your grasp of important concepts in psychology with Study. Social Studies. Contact Your Sales Rep. Higher Education Comment Card. General Psychology Chapter: 8, Memory. Answer: Operant conditioning relies on consequences to modify behavior.
Get help with your psychology homework! Test your memory with the Forgetfulness Test. Posted on May 07, True; False ; Question 4. Solo Practice. This AP Psychology practice test covers memory. True False. Long term potentiation and synaptic plasticity. The drive reduction theory was developed by Clark Hull. Read the question and click on an answer. To Self-Quiz Index. Practice Quiz. Swinburne University of Technology.
This revision quiz tests knowledge and understanding of the multi-store model of memory. Memory Quiz. Here at Practical Psychology, we have created the first and only 3-in-1 memory test that measures your short term, long term, and working memory using a quiz you can … 0. Maybe you have an eidetic memory like Sheldon Cooper and can remember exactly what you had for lunch two weeks ago on Tuesday. Played 2 times. Answers in a pinch from experts and … Chapter Aging and cognitive abilities. Memories like snapshot photographics but a small period of time , Photographic Memory for a long period of time, Mental traces of sound which are easier to remember than visual, Forgetting memories on purpose without knowing it.
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Chapter 7: Practice Quiz, Page 15 5. Professor Becker designed an IQ test. To validate this test, the professor should be careful to do which of the following? Give the test at least twice to the same group of people to ensure accuracy B. Select the people in the sample from the population of people for whom the test is designed C. Select only university professors to take the test so that they can critique the questions on the test. Strive to make sure that the test measures what it is supposed to measure D. Strive to make sure that the test measures what it is supposed to measure Chapter 7: Practice Quiz, Page 16 6. In terms of differing cultures, what should be the goal of every test designer? To create a test free of cultural bias B. To create a test that is culturally fair C.
To create a test with no questions involving culture D. To create a series of culture-varied tests B. To create a test that is culturally fair Chapter 7: Practice Quiz, Page 17 1. Kyle, age 13, has an intellectual disability complicated by multiple physical and sensory impairments that significantly impact his skills of daily living and ability to communicate. He is unable to take care of himself in any area of life.
Encoding, storage and retrieval Which of the following statements best represents current thinking about early-selection versus late selection theories of attention? The ocation of the attention my filter flexibility Which of the following reserachers conducted a classic experiment that demonstrated the breif duration of information in sensory memory George Sperling What is involving in chunking? REarranging incoming information into meaningful or farmiliar patterns Penfiels studies suggest that long-lost memories can be elicited through electrical stimulation of the brain. If so, what does this suggest oculd be a cause of forgetting? REtrieval Failure What General term is used to describe models of memory that are based on the assumption that cognitive processess depend on patterns of activation in nterconnected omputional networks?
Paralell dstributed processing models The tendency for recall of episocidc memory to be more accurate than semantic memory Whcih measure of memory requires subjects to reporduce information on their own, wihtout any cues? Recall According to intereference theory, why do peopel forget? Competition from other material James McGaugh has theorized htat hormones may influence memory storage by modulating activity in the brain.
Which of the following is implicated by McGaughs Theory? THe amygdala and a variety of neurotransmitter systems in the brain What is the primary sysmptom associated with anterograde AMnesia? A person does not create memories of events that occur after a head injury Which memory system ocntains the memory for how to type on a typewriter or drive an automobile Procedural Memory system According to the notion of Deep processing, you can learn material most effectivley by relating information to which of hte following? Your own life and experience Whcih of the following terms is defined as the tendency to mould our interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out?
Answer: Memory is conceptualized as a process consisting of three independent, though interrelated stages. These are: Encoding: It is the first stage which refers to a process by which information is recorded and registered for the first time so that it becomes usable by our memory system. In encoding, incoming information is received and some meaning is derived. Storage: It is the second stage of memory: Information which was encoded must also be stored so that it can be put to use later. Storage refers to the process through which information is retained and held over a period of time. Retrieval: It is the third stage of memory. Question 2. How is information processed thrdugh sensory, short-term and long-term memory systems?
Answer: Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory also known as stage model of memory. This proposes the existence of three separate but sequentially linked memory systems, the sensory memory, the short-term memory and the long-term memory. The sensory memory—contains a fleeting impression of a sensory stimulus a sight or a sound. It is initial process that preserve brief impression of stimuli. It has a large capacity. It is of very short duration that is less than a second. The short-term memory—a limited recollection of recently perceived stimuli a telephone number or an order of drinks. It holds small amount of information for a brief periocfof time i. It is primarily encoded acoustically.
The long-term memory—a more or less permanent store of memories for later retrieval e. In this stage informations are encoded semantically and storage capacity is unlimited. Each of these memory system is seen as differing in the way they process information, how much information they can hold and for how long they can hold that information. The model can be expressed in the following diagram: Question 3. How are maintenance rehearsals different from elaborative rehearsals? It is used to retain the information for as much time as required. As the name suggests these kinds of rehearsals simply maintain information through repetition and when such repetitions discontinue the information is lost. It is carried through silent or vocal repetition. Elaborative rehearsals: From the STM information enters the long term memory through elaborative rehearsals. In elaborate rehearsals, one attempts to analyse the information in terms of various information it arouses.
Assignment of meaning and associations are formed. Question 4. Differentiate between declarative and procedural memories. Answer: Difference between declarative and procedural memories are following: Declarative Memory All information pertaining to facts, names, date, such as rikshaw has three wheels or that India became independent on August 15, or a frog is an amphibian or you and your friend share the same name are part of this. Facts retained in this memory are related to amenable to verbal descriptions. Procedural Memory It refers to memories relating to procedures of accomplishing various tasks, i. Contents of this memory can not be described easily. Question 5. Discuss the hierarchical organisation in long-term memory?
Answer: Allan Collins and Ross Quillian suggested that knowledge in long-term memory is organized in terms of concepts, categories and images and are organised hierarchically and assumes a network structure. Elements of this structure are called nodes. Nodes are concepts While connections between nodes are labelled relationships, which indicate category membership or concept attributes.
This ensures a high degree of cognitive economy, which means maximum and efficient use of the capacity of long-term memory with minimum effort. Images: An image is a concrete form of representation which directly conveys the perceptual attributes of an object. All concrete objects generate images and the knowledge related to them is encoded both verbally as well as visually. This is known as dual coding hypothesis, originally proposed by Paivio.
Such information can be recalled with greater ease. According to this hypothesis, concrete nouns and information related to concrete objects are images. Information related to abstract concepts assume a verbal and a descriptive code. For example, if you are asked to describe a bird, the first thing that happens is that an image of a bird is generated and based on this image, you describe a bird. Question 6. Why does forgetting take place?
Answer: Each one of us has experienced forgetting and its consequences almost routinely. It is because we did not memorise it well enough. It is because we did not encode the information correctly or it is because during storage, it got distorted or misplaced. There are theories which have been developed to explain forgetting: Theory of forgetting developed by Hermann Ebbinghaus: According to him the rate of forgetting is maximum in the first nine hours,particularly during the first hour. After that, the rate slows down and not much is forgotten even after many days. Forgetting due to Trace decay: a Trace theory also called disuse theory is the earliest theory of forgetting. When these memory traces are not used for a long time, they simply fade away and become unavailable.
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